Most of the urinary system diseases can be diagnosed based on medical history, clinical examination, blood biochemistry, urine biochemistry and bacterial. Find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Parts of the urinary system renal arteries 2 renal arteries constantly transport blood to the kidneys 2 kidneys composed of millions of nephrons constantly filter about 170 to. Ureters carry urine to bladder, one from each kidney. Urinary tract pathology an overview sciencedirect topics. These two long tubes of the year and into the urinary bladder. Histology of kidney and urinary system free download as powerpoint presentation. List the different renal syndromes associated with renal pathology.
Urinary system pathology massage pathology chronicles. Anatomy and physiology the composition of blood is kept constant mainly through. Study 28 terms urinary system pathology flashcards quizlet. Distinguish between acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. A nephrologist specializes in treating diseases of the kidney. The organisation and functions of the urinary system the organisation of the kidney, and the organisation and functions of the nephron and conducting tubules how to recognise and identify the five major segments of the nephron. The structure and the function of the urinary system in. Renal calculi kidney stones made of crystals of calcium phosphate and uric acid gradually they get larger until they block ureters first sym severe pain other sym nausea and vomiting, frequency, chills, fever, hematuria diagnosis by symptoms, ultrasound, or xray rx increase fluids to flush out stone, medications, and if needed. The urinary organs include the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
Kidneys the kidneys are two beanshaped organs that lie just below the ribs on your back. Kidney location small intestine ureter kidney spleen fibrous. Histology biol 4000 excretory system lecture notes 14. The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra, which filter blood and subsequently produce, transport, store, and intermittently excrete urine liquid waste by eliminating fluid and waste, the urinary system regulates important physiological parameters, such are blood volume and consequently the blood pressure, the ph of the blood by eliminating acids and. Renal failure uremia is a syndrome of renal failure characterized by elevated levels of urea and creatinine in the blood. This is due to the reciprocal induction of the ureter anlage and the metanephric blastema. Robbins basic is a book for pathology in 2nd year of mbbs and is widely used among medical students and doctors. The urinary system works with the other systems of the body to help maintain homeostasis. The kidneys alone perform the functions just described and manufacture urine in the process, while the other organs of the urinary system provide temporary storage reservoirs for urine or serve as transportation channels to carry it from one body region to another. The organ system that performs this function in humansthe urinary systemis the topic of this chapter. But the function of the kidneys is not to make urine, it is to maintain homeostasis of the. A molecular and genetic introduction into the abnormalities of kidneys and the urinary tract is provided by an article by a. Telocytes in urinary system article pdf available in journal of translational medicine 101. Robbins basic pathology pdf free download latest edition.
Urine contains water, nitrogenous wastes, foreign substances, excess ions, etc. The urinary system consists of kidneys bean shaped organs responsible for filtration of blood and formation of urine. Urine is a liquid produced by the kidneys, collected in the bladder and excreted through the urethra. Pathology urinary system at university of queensland. If the stone is small, it can pass easily through the urinary system and out of the body. Urethra carries urine from bladder to external environment. Kidney stones can form when mineral and acid salts in the urine crystallize and stick together. Basically, one distinguishes between abnormalities of the kidneys and those of the urinary tract, even though the disorder of one of the components causes a whole series of further disorders of the entire kidney urinary system to take place. Oogenesisovarian cycle 3 uterine tubes or fallopian tubes a 4 long funnel with fimbriae fingerlike projections catch oocyte b lined with ciliated epithelial cells c smooth muscle peristalsis 4 uterus a sizeshape pear b myometrium musclerhythmic contractions. The urinary system consists of two kidneys, their ureters, a bladder and a urethra. The urinary system can be affected by chronic infections from other organs like mouth, throat, sinuses, causing serious damage infection to the glomerulus. The urinary system filters the blood from some excess salts, urea, uric acid and other waste materials, and it expels these wastes outside the body in form urine, the excretory system removes excess, unnecessary materials from the body to prevent the damage and the urinary system rids the body of the wastes produced by the cells.
These are mainly the nitrogenous end products of protein catabolism by the liver. After following this topic, and any additional reading, you should know. Below are some common diseases of the urinary system. The principal function of the urinary system is to maintain the volume and composition of body fluids within normal limits. Introduction to the urinary system anatomy and physiology ii. Kidneys semetrically paired organs that form the urine. The million nephrons in each kidney perform the complicated task of removing the urea from blood and putting the correct electrolytes back in. However, there are additional, equally important functions played by the system. The kidneys are filled with nephrons that filter urea from blood. They arise from a premature branching of the ureter anlage, leading to a partial second or from an additional ureter anlage whereby, in this case, two complete ureters are generated. It is useful in locating urinary tract obstruction. Pdf lectures in urinary system pathology in domestic animals. The kidneys are the main organs of homeostasis because they maintain the acid base balance and the water salt balance of the blood. Understand the normal development of the urinary and reproductive system and its.
The kidney produces urine, which contains excess water, electrolytes and waste products of the body. May, 2020 the urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra, which filter blood and subsequently produce, transport, store, and intermittently excrete urine liquid waste. Woolf 15 with the help of two syndromes with multiple abnormalities. Assessment of the urinary system the urinary system carries out a wide variety of homeostatic functions. Chapter 8 renalurinary system renalurinary systems. The substances are filtered out from the body in the form of urine. Renal cortex outer region of the kidneys where most enthrones is located.
Many of these neoplasms are succintly described and illustrated in detail in this volume, and some are compared with spontaneously occurring lesions. Based on exact investigations of these diseases, it has been shown that through mutation of a pax 2 gene transcription factor the growth. The mucosa transitional epithelium lamina propria dense woven sheath of smooth muscle calyces, renal pelvis and ureters. Most waste products are removed from the body by the urinary system. The external urinary sphincter is located at the distal end of this. Urinary system pathology of pet and aviary birds wiley online. Several compounds are associated with experimentally induced neoplasms in the urinary systems, and especially the kidneys, of laboratory animals. Mri is a valuable adjunct and problem solver in imaging urinary tract pathology. Here a complete doubling of the ureters with a second renal pelvis is involved. Request pdf pathology of the urinary system the kidney is one of the most common organs for drug or chemicalinduced toxicities to occur, and. It regulates acidbase balance, body water and blood pressure, and mineral balance. The urinary system is made up of kidneys, bladder, ureters and the urethra. Study 89 pathology urinary system flashcards from emma f. Kidney parenchyma organized into cortex f and medulla e within parenchyma occur nephrones, collecting ducts, blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves parenchyma organized into lobes and lobules.
Lecture objectives describe the normal microscopic appearance of the different parts of the kidney including cortex, medulla, juxtaglomerular apparatus and the distribution of the vasculature within the kidney. If the stone is small, it can pass easily through the urinary system and. View notes chapter 26 urinary system from biology 109 at community college of philadelphia. Diseases and disorders of the urinary system boundless. The organs of the urinary system are organs of excretionthey remove wastes and water from the body. Adrenal gland urinary system kidney ureter urinary bladder urethra renal artery and vein the urinary bladder stores urine prior to micturition, the urethra expels urine from the bladder, the ureters bring urine to the bladder. Waste products accumulate in blood are toxic must be removed to maintain homeostasis urinary system organs remove waste products from the blood then from the body major homeostatic system.
Diagram showing ultrastructure of epithelium along the rat nephron. Many of the bodys waste products are passed out of the body in urine. Bladder site where urine is collected and stored until urination d. Urine is a liquid produced by the kidneys, collected in. Diseases of the kidneys or bladder can compromise urinary system functions. Pathology of the urinary system request pdf researchgate. A stuck kidney stone causes pain and can block the flow of urine. Diseases of the urinary system principles of renal insufficiency. Problems in the urinary system include kidney failure, urinary tract infections, kidney stones, prostate enlargement, and bladder control problems.
It may also be used as a substitute for ivp when a patient is allergic to the contrast medium. Urinary incontinence is the loss of bladder control. A larger stone can get stuck in the urinary tract, however. The type of renal failure is determined by the trend in the serum creatinine. One aspect of this function is to rid the body of waste products that accumulate as a result of cellular metabolism, and, because of this, it is sometimes referred to as the excretory system.
The human body has two kidneys, one on either side of. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Hepatitis hepatitis inflammation of the liver, but not always due to viral infection. Two kidneys, two ureters, one bladder, one urethra, form the urinary system very simple and effective. The renal and urinary systems are comprised of a complex series of organs which together function to filter wastes from the blood, and manufacture, store and discharge urine. The organisation and functions of the urinary system the organisation of the kidney, and the organisation and functions of the nephron and conducting tubules. The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra. The urinary system is a group of organs in the body concerned with filtering out excess fluid and other substances from the bloodstream. Gastric disturbance is common, and in long standing cases edema of the extremities follow. There is weight in the loins, and the patient complains of backache. The urinary system is a collection of organs which are responsible for the excretion of waste material from the body.
These organ systems are vital to homeostasis through maintaining fluid balance, acidbase. The high contrast resolution of mri makes it valuable in tissue characterization. The goal of this lab is to examine the microscopic structure of the organs of the urinary system. It then flows down the ureter into the bladder where it is temporarily stored.
Disorders in the number of ureters belong to the most frequent anomalies of the urinary tract, whereby they are often asymptomatic. Histology of kidney and urinary system kidney urinary. The calyx system of the upper renal pelvis is not as well differentiated as that of the lower one. By eliminating fluid and waste, the urinary system regulates important physiological parameters, such are blood volume and consequently the blood. Paraclinical investigations in the pathology of the urinary system in. Chapter 26 urinary system fundamentals of anatomy and.
For each organ particular emphasis should be placed on determining the classes of epithelium present and the specializations in each epithelium. In renal failure, there may be problems with increased fluid in the body leading to swelling, increased acid levels, raised levels of potassium, decreased levels of calcium, increased levels of phosphate, and in later stages, anemia. The formation of calculi can block the flow of urine and cause severe pain. To produce, store and void excretory product the urine. Anatomy of the urinary system kidneys a pair of bean shaped organs located retroperitoneally, responsible for blood filtering and urine formation. Disease of the kidneys, and in some instances of the ureters, bladder and urethra, reduce the efficiency of the kidneys functions, disturbances in protein, acid base solute and water homeostasis and in excretion of the metabolic endproducts will result. The human urinary system urine urine consists of excess, excess salt, urea and uric acid. Renal failure may be acute or chronic depending on the progress rate of the dysfunction and the degree of loss of renal function. The urinary system is comprised of the kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra. The ureters empty into the bladder in accordance with weigert and meyers law the upper ureter has its orifice lower down on the bladder than the lower one. Renal capsule a layer of fibrous connective tissue covering the kidneys. Human urinary system cloze worksheet biology is fun. The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one bladder, and one urethra. Disease of the kidneys, and in some instances of the ureters, bladder and urethra, reduce the efficiency of the kidneys functions, disturbances in protein, acid base solute and water homeostasis and in.
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